Month: April 2025

How to Perform a Cointegration Test in EViews: A Step-by-Step Guide
Calculating ROI for Business

How to Perform a Cointegration Test in EViews: A Step-by-Step Guide

- by Nathan Robinson

In time series econometrics, cointegration is a critical concept. It establishes a long-run equilibrium relationship between two or more non-stationary time series variables, meaning that even if they drift apart in the short run, they will eventually move back toward a shared, stable relationship.

EViews, a popular statistical software package, provides powerful tools, primarily the Johansen Cointegration Test, to detect this relationship. This guide walks you through the necessary pre-tests and the steps for performing the test in EViews.

Phase 1: Pre-Testing—Checking for Unit Roots

Before you can test for cointegration, you must confirm that all your variables are non-stationary and are integrated of the same order, typically I(1) (stationary after one difference). If the variables are stationary at their levels (I(0)), you do not need a cointegration test; you can proceed directly with standard Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression.

1. Perform the Unit Root Test (ADF)

  1. Open
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The Low-Capital Real Estate Wholesaling Business Plan for Beginners
Property Business

The Low-Capital Real Estate Wholesaling Business Plan for Beginners

- by Nathan Robinson

Real estate wholesaling is often touted as a way to profit from property without needing substantial capital or credit, making it an ideal entry point for beginners. Essentially, a wholesaler acts as a middleman, securing a contract on a property and then immediately assigning that contract to an end buyer (usually a cash investor) for a fee.

A successful wholesaling business doesn’t require complex assets; it requires a disciplined, step-by-step plan focused on lead generation, relationship building, and execution.

Here is a comprehensive low-capital real estate wholesaling business plan for beginners.

Phase 1: Preparation and Foundations (The Zero-Cost Start)

The initial phase focuses on knowledge acquisition and legal protection, minimizing upfront financial risk.

1. Education and Local Market Mastery

  • Understand the Legal Landscape: Wholesaling involves contracting, which is legally sensitive. Research your local and state laws regarding assignment of contract and whether you need a real estate license
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